Reliability Of Statistics Statistics Essay - 2661 Words

Reliability of Statistics Today most of us live in a world surrounded by data. Everything that we do calculates findings to supply data for statistical findings to show that it is either wrong or right. Statistics is not a new process in our lives; it has been around for close to 400 years from the history I was able to find discussing statistics or probability. The oldest date found was identified by Stigler (1999 p. 207) were he explained that in 1628 a William Harvey released a study on the motion of blood and the heart. The study, which consisted of statistical facts, proved that blood passes through the body by the pulsation of the heart. To us in today’s world that does not sound like a great discovery. However, to a world that did not know the method of how the blood flowed through the body, it was a great achievement. Without identifying the research as being statistical, we can go back even farther to find that one of the items possibly found in your garden tod ay is actually one of the oldest known timekeepers in the world, the sundial. â€Å"The sundial existed in a very primitive form in Egypt from at least the 15th century B.C.† (Bigliazzi, Spaans, Dunaud, Juran, 1995). Discovery of one of the earliest specimens of a sundial was in Greece in which dated back to the third century B.C. In Greece, they studied the mathematics of the sundial, which in turn led to improving the accuracy of the timekeeper. In order to establish and improve the accuracy of theShow MoreRelatedReliability Of Statistics : Statistics Essay2703 Words   |  11 Pages Reliability of Statistics Today, most of us live in a world surrounded by data. Everything that we do calculates findings to supply data for statistical findings to show that it is either wrong or right. Statistics is not a new process in our lives; it has been around for close to 400 years of the history I was able to find discussing statistics or probability. The oldest date found was identified by Stigler (1999 p. 207) were he explained that in 1628 a William Harvey released a study ofRead MoreBig Data A New Source844 Words   |  4 PagesBig Data a new source in Statistics BIS 625 Research in Information Systems Back ground: Social Scientists exhibit overconfidence in the reliability of the statistical data which was achieved by single or a small sampling. However, the reliability of data is mostly confined to a smaller volumes. Statistics, when dealing with larger volumes of data exhibit inaccurate results. There are many factors which affect the end results. This might be due to the improper sampling, improper handling ofRead MoreStatistical Research in Psychology999 Words   |  4 PagesMany students, including myself, are unaware how important statistics can be to the research process in Psychology. In this report, I will discuss the method used to perform researches as well as the forms of data used through statistic in Psychology. This will include the advantages and disadvantages of each form used. Introduction Many studying Psychology might be shocked that statistics is a requirement. It is vital to understand statistics and how it relates when performing research. Many methodsRead MoreAnalysis of The Doctoral Research Process 1562 Words   |  7 Pagesa subject suffices as the end result for the doctoral research process. The purpose of this paper will be to: address the complexities of the doctoral research process, outline the stages of the research process, examine research goals, explore reliability and validity, and summarize doctoral research process. The Process The doctoral research process begins with definition and selection of the general research topic subject which involves: conducting a literature review in the field, developingRead MoreSurvey Analysis And Critical Discussion Of The Findings1714 Words   |  7 Pages2 Respondent Profile by Gender The pie chart below shows the percentage of respondents based on gender. Most of the respondents are female, shown by half percentage higher than the male respondent s percentage. 4.3 Descriptive Statistics 4.3.1 Descriptive Statistics of Tech-Mediated Customer Service Experience Table 4.3 below shows the frequency of responses on tech-mediated customer service experience based on ten (10) indicators adapted from Froehle and Roth (2003). There are fourteen (14) questionsRead MoreReliability Based Cost Model Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesReliability-Based Cost Model Development As it is of December 2017, AWST contracts Romax for wind farm Operation and Maintenance costs estimates. The motivation for contracting Romax instead of performing an estimate ourselves is that Romax can do a better job than AWST due to a larger database of failure modes and deeper expertise. Due to this reason, AWST does not have a model that could have ingested the data even if it was available that is an additional barrier for in-house cost model. ThisRead MoreEvaluate the usefulness of quantitative methods in sociological research990 Words   |  4 Pagesquestionnaires or interviews with closed-ended questions, statistics, the use of secondary data and experiments (with a control group and an experimental group). Questionnaires constitute a quantitative approach that is associated with research high in reliability. They may also be viewed as high in reliability because they are standardised in the sense that everyone is asked the same questions and this contributes to their reliability as a method. Questionnaires are the method preferred byRead MoreDnp Project Proposal Development Project Evaluation1153 Words   |  5 Pagesthe reliability and validity of the Ottawa GRS. For instance, Kim et al. (2006) used the Ottawa GRS in a pilot study at the University of Ottawa to evaluate whether high-fidelity simulation can be used to measure Crisis Resource Management (CRM) performance and to ascertain the construct validity of the Ottawa GRS. Construct validity of the Ottawa GRS was determined by evaluating the content validity, response process, internal structure and relationship to other variables while reliability was measuredRead MoreIntroduction: There are many factors that contribute to students’ academic success, such as low800 Words   |  4 Pageslevel of work drive, being emotionally stable, and a low level of negative life stress. However, scholars have pointed out that many statistics instructors are concerned about the anxiety associated with taking a course in the subject (Bui Alfaro, 2011). The results from studies investigating anxiety about statistics have shown that student attitudes to statistics courses have an impact on their success and competence (Bui Alfaro, 2011). In deed most of undergraduate student tend to have negativeRead MoreEssay on Proceed With Caution: The Danger of Interpreting Statistics935 Words   |  4 PagesStatistics should be interpreted with caution as they can be misleading; they can both lie and tell the truth. Whether or not people notice the importance of statistics, statistics are used by different cohorts of people from a farmer to an academician and a politician in their everyday life. For example, Cambodian famers produce an average of three tons or rice per hectare, connection about eighty per cent of Cambodian population is a farmer, and at least two million people support party A?

African Americans And The Police Essay - 1503 Words

There has long been a difference between African Americans and the police. Sometimes minor to being outright confrontational. But if you ask someone on the police force, they would most likely answer no, there are not any differences in the way minority and non-minority communities are treated. But if you asked a minority community, they would probably answer yes, there is a difference. One of the facts that remain constant is the difference in the way blacks and whites view policing and racial relations in America. Pew Research Center polling has continually found that blacks and whites have very different views about many sides of race all together, from trust in the police to advances in racial equality. In one poll, whites said that they believed quite a bit of progress has been made since 1963, compared with only about one-third of blacks, according to a 2013 survey, which was done just before the 50th anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.’s March on Washington. Curiously , when comparing those views with the views on how police deal with minorities in a survey shortly after the Ferguson shooting when about three fourths of blacks said the incident brought up important issues about race. When only about one third of whites thought the same. In yet another poll in which blacks told of less trust than whites in local police to treat both races equally. A majority of whites expressed a great deal or fair amount of trust in local police to treat blacks and whitesShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of Af rican Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MoreThe History Of Police And African Americans Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans in modern America have bound together in unity against inequality to help end the unnecessary murders and unjust police beatings. However, where did these tensions between police and African Americans begin? This question can be answered by looking at the history of police in America and why they were originally established. 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In the past year, there have been 4 notable cases where an african american man or woman was treated with excessive force by police. Sandra Bland, Eric Garner, and Walter Scott. Sandra Bland was a woman who failed to signal a lane change and ended up dead in a jail cell. Eric Garner was a man who refused to follow directions from police, was suffocatedRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages Police brutality against African Americans was a huge impact in Los Angeles, California in 1991, and continues to be a problematic situation in America today. On March 3, 1991, a group of white LAPD beat Rodney King. After this incident occurred a lot of negative events started to transpire. A lot of African Americans were angry and demanded justice. The relationship between the LAPD and the Los Angeles community in 1991 were horrific and still continues to be awful today. P olice brutalityRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1997 Words   |  8 PagesPolice Brutality against African Americans From over 300 years African Americans have struggled from being taken from their homeland to being forced into slavery. They regained their so-called ‘Freedom’ but were never quite equal with all. African Americans have been fighting for equality for years and have had multiple leaders bring attention to the issues like Martin Luther King Junior forming marches to Rosa Parks refusing to get up from her seat for a White person. In this day of age AfricanRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1997 Words   |  8 PagesThese were some of the last words from victims of police brutality against African Americans. Police brutality has been occurring ever since the police force began, but recently, the police have been targeting African Americans. In 2016, more than 250 African Americans were killed by the police. Most of the victims were unarmed and have not committed a serious offense. These frightening statistics do not have to continue. If the average American recognized the severity of the issue and raised their

Business Marketing Marketing Processes and Advantages

Question: Describe about the Business Marketing for Marketing Processes and Advantages. Answer: Introduction Marketing is an action of promoting and selling the product and service through marketing research and advertising (Hair et al. 2012). The study has chosen two case studies for two different companies. These two companies are Google and Virgin Group. The study will describe the marketing process and competitive advantage of Google. The study will also analyze the marketing process and competitive advantage of Virgin Group. Apart from that, the study will also analyze sustained marketing process and competitive advantage of both organizations. The study will also align theories and models for analyzing the sustained marketing process of the organizations. Googles Competitive Gain Google is an American multinational technology company, which is specialized in internet product and service. The products and services offered by Google include online advertising technology, hardware, software, search and cloud computing. The organization has held its position in the world with dominant search engine. The organization has held 65% of total search market on the (globe Ling 2013). The competitive gain and marketing process of Google can be demonstrated though Porters Generic Strategy. Cost Leadership Strategy Cost leadership suggests for using lower cost for products for gaining huge market share. The organization uses different types of pricing strategy as per the category of the products. Google has set average industry price for the product like Chromecast (Hardeck and Hertl 2014). It has helped the organization to gain higher profit than that of its competitors. On the other hand, the organization has set low price through penetration pricing strategy for the products like Cable Television Service and Google Fiber Internet (Cowgill and Zitzewitz 2015). It has helped Google to gain its market share over its competitors. Differentiation Innovation and differentiation is at the core of the Googles Business. Googles innovative service includes renowned Google Search, Google Apps, Google Chrome, Google Finance, Gmail Blogger and absence (George 2014). Google can offer its service to the web users at zero cost and attractive advertising model to the businesspersons (Finkle 2012). It has also invented Google glass and driver less cars. In this way, Google had gained its competitive advantage by being one-stop-shop for all computing and internet needs. Focus Google has targeted worldwide customers having its product available in 110 languages. It has targeted all tech savvy people with its high-end internet products. Moreover, the effective AdWords advertising model is customized for advertisers, publishers and internet based business (Lee 2014). Mostly educated people are targeted for Google products for getting exact value of the products. Virgin Groups Competitive Gain Virgin Group Ltd is a British Multinational conglomerate operating over 400 companies in overseas market. The core business areas of the organization are travel, lifestyle, entertainment, healthcare, transport, food and drinks. The high sense of competitive advantage of Virgin Group can be described through Porters Generic Strategy. Cost Leadership Virgin Group stand for value for money associated with high quality. However, the organization uses competitive pricing for the products of Virgin Airline to gain profit over its competitor like British Airways. On the other hand, the organization has set low cost price for the products of entertainment and life style (Sadq 2016). It is way, Virgin Group has gain huge market share over its competitors. Differentiation The organization has brought its innovation through Virgin mobile and Virgin Train. Over the years, Virgins internal competencies through innovative service at Virgin Atlantic have created competitive gain for the organization. Apart from that, the differentiation and innovation of the organization can also be seen through Virgin Cola to compete with Pepsi and Coca-Cola (Finkle 2011). Focus Virgin Group had different target markets for its diversified product category. However, the organization has targeted middle to high-income group customers for its different product category (Corrocher and Lasio 2013). The organization has targeted almost each type of customers with their diversified product ranges. Marketing Success Success Story of Google Every day, millions of internet users type their search terms on the browser of Google search engine. It provides accurate and unremarkable information to the customers. In the search engine market, the organization has got almost 90% market share though its recognizable Google.com search page (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen 2012). In the year 2000, Google has launched AdWords, which is an innovative and effective online advertising tool. In the fist years only, the organization has drawn attention of ten thousand business users and become the pioneer in online advertising medium. It earns almost 30% more revenue than Yahoo per advertisement (Steiber and Alnge 2013). The success story of Google can also be seen through the success of Google Map, which has gained the attention of millions of customers. In 2013, Google Map has been considered as the worlds top most popular app for Smartphone (Steiber and Alnge 2013). In 2004, Google has launched it interactive Gmail Service to pr ovide worldwide email service. This classic and user-friendly service provides free email option to the customers. Today almost 900 millions users around the world use this service (Joshi 2014). Success Story of Virgin Group Virgin Group is consisted of eight different industries having net worth of $ billion. The industries include Virgin Mobile, Virgin Megastores, Virgin Galactic, Virgin Megastores and Virgin Spaceflight Company. The Virgin Megastore Section has gained its huge success through its YAS store. This store is able to offer wide range of retail products for the customized needs of customers. It has worldwide presence with operating over 15 countries (Dowling and Moran 2012). Over the years, Virgin Airlines is gaining more profit that that of its competitor British Airways (Khojastehpour, Ferdous and Polonsky 2015). With reusable space in Virgin Galactic, the organization has gained huge customer loyalty in Virgin Group. Virgin Airline has become the second largest long haul airline in UK (Mukerjee 2016). In the mobile market, Virgin Mobile has become the fastest growing mobile phone company. This section has gained customer attention of almost 3 billion customers from its launch (Sadq 2016) . Virgin Health Bank of Vrigin group has become the most popular transplant quality cord blood stemcell bankin UK. Marketing Success Linked with Theories and Models Marketing Success of Google through Customer Segmentation Interesting Form of Customer Segment for Google Segmentation Geographic Worldwide Customers Demographic Age: Both Young age and old age customers Income Status: Low income group- high income group Education: Educated people Marital Status: Both Single and Married Occupation: Businesspersons, Corporate people and students Sex: Both male and female Psychological Attitude: Positive Attitude Personality: Positive Personality Hobbies: Tech Savvy People Life Style: Modern and sophisticated life style Behavioral Having strong brand image Seeking extra benefit from products and service (Free cost of search engine) Target Mostly young people Educated persons Businesspersons Tech savvy people Positioning Free cost of search engine Accurate and meaningful information in Google search engine Diversified products range User friendly interface of Google applications Promotional options of businesspersons Media sharing platform through Picasa Table 1: Interesting Form of Customer Segment for Google (Source: Cowgill and Zitzewitz 2015) From the above table, it can be found that Google has worldwide presence with strong brand image. Customers can avail free search and advertising option through the application of Google platform. Therefore, it has targeted both low-income group and high-income group customer towards increasing customer base. In this way, the organization has gained 90% market share in search engine market (Finkle 2011). The effective and free advertising tools of Google have offered many opportunities for both small scale and large-scale organization to promote their products. In this way, the organization has earned most of its revenue from this advertising model in 2013 (Joshi 2014). The organization has become able to target worldwide customers, as it has wide range of diversified product with user-friendly platform. Marketing Success of Virgin Group through Ansoff Matrix Market penetration In this strategy, Virgin Group tries to grow its existing Virgin Airline and Virgin Media products in the current market (Sadq 2016). The organization has used low product and service cost for increasing market share in the existing market. Market Development In market development strategy, Virgin Group has offered Virgin Galactic to the customers of Middle East (Corrocher and Lasio 2013). The unique offerings of this spaceflight have gained popularity in the Middle East Market. Product Development In product development strategy, Virgin Group has launched Health care and financial services to the existing markets. These kinds of products have gained huge popularity in its unique offerings. Diversification In diversification strategy, Virgin Group has launched Virgin Cola, music and recording for new types of customers. Virgin Cola is intended to beat with the competitors like Pepsi and Coca Cola ( Finkle 2011). Figure 1: Ansoff Matrix (Source: Mukerjee 2016) Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that Google has wide range of internet related products and services. Google Search Engine, Google Map, Google News, Gmail and many more are the competitive services. On the other hand, Virgin Group has also diversified product range including Virgin Airline, Virgin Mobile, Virgin Megastores, Virgin Galactic and many more. The free cost of Google search engine and effective free advertising tools of Google have help its to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. Low cost and wide range diversified products of Virgin Group has assisted it to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. Reference List Corrocher, N. and Lasio, L., 2013. Diversification strategies in network-based services: The case of mobile virtual network operators.Telecommunications Policy,37(11), pp.1110-1123. Cowgill, B. and Zitzewitz, E., 2015. Corporate prediction markets: Evidence from google, ford, and firm x.The Review of Economic Studies,82(4), pp.1309-1341. Dowling, G. and Moran, P., 2012. Corporate reputations.California Management Review,54(2), pp.25-42. Finkle, T.A. 2011, "Richard Branson and Virgin, Inc", Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 109 Finkle, T.A., 2012. Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Silicon Valley: The Case of Google, Inc.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,36(4), pp.863-884. George, S., 2014. Google Inc.: Not just a search engine, but an engine of strategic product diversification and excellence in corporate strategy.International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences,3(2), pp.62-81. Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M. and Mena, J.A., 2012. An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research.Journal of the academy of marketing science,40(3), pp.414-433. Hardeck, I. and Hertl, R., 2014. Consumer reactions to corporate tax strategies: Effects on corporate reputation and purchasing behavior.Journal of business ethics,123(2), pp.309-326. Joshi, H., 2014. Corporate Reputation Decoded: Building, Managing and Strategizing for Corporate Excellence.Abhigyan,32(2), pp.75-76. Khojastehpour, M., Ferdous, A.S. and Polonsky, M., 2015. Addressing the complexities of managing domestic and multinational corporate brands.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,20(1), pp.48-62. Lee, Y.F.L., 2014. When Google Meets Xiaomi: comparative case study in western and eastern corporate management.Journal of International Technology and Information Management,23(3), p.5. Ling, P., 2013. The first global Google online marketing challenge 2008: Perspectives of ECU student participants.eCULTURE,1(1), p.3. Mukerjee, K., 2016. Factors That Contribute Towards Competitive Advantage: A Conceptual Analysis.IUP Journal of Business Strategy,13(1), p.26. Sadq, Z. 2016. Virgin Group Success Businesses: Diversification, and Key Strengths.Account and Financial Management Journal, 1(2), pp.78-83. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. Steiber, A. and Alnge, S., 2013. A corporate system for continuous innovation: the case of Google Inc.European Journal of Innovation Management,16(2), pp.243-264.